Macacus mulatta

Rhesus macaque(Macacus mulatta)

Phylumchordata
Class — mammalia
Order — primates
Family — cercopithecidae

Genus – macaca

Appearance

The Rhesus macaque is brown or grey in color and has a pink face, which is bereft of fur. It has, on average, 50 vertebrae, a dorsal scapulae and a wide rib cage.

Its tail averages between 20.7 and 22.9 cm (8.1 and 9.0 in). Adult males measure about 53 cm (21 in) on average and weigh about 7.7 kg (17 lb). Females are smaller, averaging 47 cm (19 in) in length and 5.3 kg (12 lb) in weight.

Habitat

Rhesus macaques are native in northern India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Burma, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, Afghanistan, southern China, and several neighboring areas. Some live in flatlands, while in Pakistan and northern India they live in the Himalayas as high as 3,000 meters.

Behavior

Rhesus macaques are social, diurnal and both terrestrial and arboreal animals. They walk using four limbs, walking on the ground on both on their toes and on the soles of their feet. They are very active and loud. They like being in water and can swim well. They form groups of as many as 200 individuals, and when the size of a group reaches 80 to 100, a subgroup of females can split off to create a new group. Generally groups are made up of several unrelated males, with many closely related females. Males and females within a group demonstrate a preference for high-ranking individuals of the opposite sex. Rhesus monkeys are not territorial. Every group of individuals generally has its own sleeping area. Confrontations between different groups are rare. When groups meet, usually the weaker group avoids the stronger one.

Diet

Rhesus macaques are herbivores animals, eating seeds, roots, bark, fruits and cereals. They do not eat meat. When the monsoon approaches, ripe fruits provide them with a much-needed source for water. When Rhesus macaques live far from a water source, which is not common, they get water from dewdrops off tree leaves.

Reproduction

Rhesus macaques are polygynandrous when males and females have multiple mating partners during a breeding season. Breeding seasons vary widely amongst populations. Those monkeys living in areas with cold winters mate in the autumn and those living where there is less pronounced seasonal changes have less well-defined seasons for mating.

The gestation period lasts about 165 days, and usually a single young is born. Newborns nurse for about a year. Females are sexually mature at 2.5 to 3 years old and males at 4.5 to 7 years old.

They typically have a lifespan of about 25 years.

Incaptivity

Conditions for keeping macaques are not much different from those for keeping monkeys, but the bars in the cage should be thicker, and trees and other decorations and shelves in the cage should be strengthened more thoroughly, since macaques are physically stronger than monkeys. The cage should have ropes, toys, and a place to sleep, feeders, drinkers.

The pallet should be extended, and there should be a grid above it, so that the baby does not get dirty. It is convenient to put a disposable, waterproof diaper (baby) in the tray, top with powder (odor absorber), wood filler on the powder.

It is very important for monkeys to diversify their environment. They should not be left "idle" for a long time, because otherwise the monkey may develop bad habits and aggressive behavior during the period of maturity. It is necessary to put in pieces of hay, grass, branches of trees of various carocci, safe toys. It is very useful in the morning to scatter a handful of sunflowers, oats, wheat, corn, and barley on the floor of the cage (it is good if the grains are slightly sprouted).

While the macaque is out of the cage, it needs to wear diapers, having previously smeared the ass with cream under diapers, so that it feels comfortable and does not experience discomfort. If the macaque is taught to wear clothes since childhood, this will not cause it any further trouble, and you will be able to take your pet with you outside. Macaques are very sensitive to drafts, so we recommend that you dress your pet warmly while walking.

 

Macaque diet (recommended by a primate specialist):

kg / 1 head / day

Vegetable feed

Crackers, wheat bread 0.02 Alternate

Bran, various cereals (Fig., millet, buckwheat, oatmeal, gerku-forest, etc.) 0.20 alternate

Legumes (peas, beans) 0.03 h / d

Grain (corn, etc.) 0.05 h / d

Oilseeds (nuts, sunflowers, etc.) 0.05 alternate

Total: 0.31

Vegetables and green food

Carrots 0.30

Cabbage 0.15

Potatoes 0.20

Beetroot, salad 0.05 Alternate

Onion or garlic 0.05 alternate

Tomatoes 0.10

Cucumbers 0.10

Zucchini 0.20

Pepper 0.10

Pumpkin 0.20

Radish 0.05 or 1 bunch

Parsley, dill 0.10

Total: 1.60

Melons: watermelon, melon 0.4

Fresh fruits, berries 0.4. Can be replaced with melons by 42% more to issue, if not replaced-dried fruit 50% from the norm of fruit or canned compotes in jars 100% servings of fruit

Vegetable oil 0.005

Total plant feed: 2.715

 

Name of feed Quantity:

kg / 1 head / day note

Animal feed

Meat, liver, chicken, fish 0.10 alternate

Chicken egg or

quail (PCs.) 0,05

3 2 times / week

Milk for acidophilus 0.1 h / d

Cottage cheese 0.05 h / d

Protein supplements 0.002

Total animal feed: 0.1913

Other feeds

Honey, jam, syrups 0.01 alternate

special feed and other compound feed 0.03 daily

Salt 0.004

Total feed: 2.9503

 

The structure of a diet, %:

Concentrated feed – 17.6

Juicy feed – 75.0

Animal feed – 6.7

Vitamin and mineral feed and additives-0.7

Energy value of the diet, kcal-1466.07

 

The content of nutrients in the diet, %:

Raw protein; raw fat; raw fiber; raw ash; Calcium mg%; Phosphorus, mg%; Sodium, mg%:

2.91; 2.48; 1.11; 0.86; 38.63; 71.45; 21.45

 

Note:

1. Green feed is given in excess of the diet during the period of receipt of plenty.

2. Probiotics are given 2 times a year (in spring and autumn) for 1 month at 8 doses daily.

3. Vitamin feeds (yeast, rosehip syrup, fish oil, etc.),

4. Medical preparations and vitamins are given at the discretion of the zoo technician and veterinarian, depending on the biological state of the animals, the time of year, etc.

5. When a group of animals is kept, the ration increases to 50% of the indicated amount due to the ability of the animal to approach the feed only in accordance with the hierarchical position in the group.

6. When issuing feed, the physiological state of animals (breeding period, disease, pregnancy, lactation, etc.) and if necessary, the ration is reduced or increased to 50% of the specified.

7. At 2 months of age, the young when the content of a female is issued 50% of normal adult animal, and with a 6-month – ration of an adult animal.

8. Сompound feed for monkeys can be replaced with Hercules-10.0 g, milk powder-10.0 g, baby dry mix-10.0 g.

 

Daily supplements of vitamins and trace elements:

vitamin A 1000 IU;

vitamin E 10 IU;

vitamin C 100 mg;

folic acid 200 mcg;

vitamin B1 1 mg;

vitamin B2 1 mg;

nicotinamide 8 mg;

vitamin B6 1 mg;

vitamin B12 6 mcg;

vitamin D 200 IU;

Biotin 10 mcg;

pantonenic acid 5 mg;

calcium (dibasic calcium phosphate) 500 mg;

phosphorus (dibasic calcium phosphate) 200 mg;

iodine (potassium iodide) 15 mcg;

iron (iron fumarate) 10 mg;

magnesium (magnesium oxide) 10 mg;

copper (copper oxide) 0.5 mg;

zinc (zinc oxide) 1.5 mg;

potassium (potassium chloride) 20 mg;

manganese (manganese sulfate) 1 mg;

chloride (potassium chloride) 3.63 mg;

chromium (chromium chloride) 10 mcg;

molybdenum (sodium molybdate) 10 mcg;

selenium (sodium selenate) 10 mcg;

vitamin K1 10 mcg;

Nickel (Nickel sulfate) 1 mcg;

tin (tin chloride) 3 mcg;

silicon (sodium metasilicate) 3 mcg;

vanadium (sodium metavanadate) 3 mcg.

 

 

 

 

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